In reply to immune desert in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A review of challenges and opportunities for modulating the tumor immune microenvironment

• HNSCC modulates the microenvironment architecture in order to maximize immunosuppression. • Tumors might be divided in immune inflamed immune desert and immune excluded based on tumor microenvironment. • Immune desert tumors are resistant to immunotherapy. • The large majority of head and neck cancer are “excluded”