内体
自噬
细胞生物学
生物
自噬体
圈套复合体
溶酶体
突触融合蛋白
脂质双层融合
调节器
细胞质
PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路
液泡蛋白分选
胞吐
内吞作用
高尔基体
小泡
拉布
内吞循环
快照25
细胞内
信号转导
生物化学
膜
基因
酶
细胞凋亡
作者
Katalin Hegedüs,Szabolcs Takáts,Attila Kovács,Gábor Juhász
出处
期刊:Autophagy
[Informa]
日期:2013-10-25
卷期号:9 (10): 1642-1646
被引量:42
摘要
Phagophores engulf cytoplasmic material and give rise to autophagosomes, double-membrane vesicles mediating cargo transport to lysosomes for degradation. The regulation of autophagosome fusion with endosomes and lysosomes during autophagy has remained poorly characterized. Two recent papers conclude that STX17/syntaxin 17 (Syx17 in Drosophila) has an evolutionarily conserved role in autophagosome fusion with endosomes and lysosomes, acting in one SNARE complex with SNAP29 (ubisnap in Drosophila) and the endosomal/lysosomal VAMP8 (CG1599/Vamp7 in Drosophila). Surprisingly, a third report suggests that STX17 might also contribute to proper phagophore assembly. Although several experiments presented in the two human cell culture studies yielded controversial results, the essential role of STX17 in autophagic flux is now firmly established, both in cultured cells and in an animal model. Based on these data, we propose that genetic inhibition of STX17/Syx17 may be a more specific tool in autophagic flux experiments than currently used drug treatments, which impair all lysosomal degradation routes and also inactivate MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), a major negative regulator of autophagy. Finally, the neuronal dysfunction and locomotion defects observed in Syx17 mutant animals point to the possible contribution of defective autophagosome clearance to various human diseases.
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