Microplastics from Wearable Bioelectronic Devices: Sources, Risks, and Sustainable Solutions

Abstract Research into non‐invasive bioelectronic devices, such as electronic skins (e‐skins), offer an inclusive solution to global healthcare by means of their highly versatile sensing applications, measurement accuracy and low production costs. Predominantly, as these devices heavily rely on polymer‐based substrates and matrices to give rise to their desirable mechanical compliance, the emerging environmental and health concerns of microplastics (MPs) must now be considered. For research on the cusp of reaching commercialization, a holistic approach to viewing the full impact of such devices cannot be over looked. In this review, the potential for wearable bioelectronic devices as sources for MPs is raised. Special focus is given to the potential health and environmental impact these devices may contribute to, with mitigation strategies that should be considered during the design phase highlighted. Specifically, polysaccharide and protein biopolymers are emphasized as alternatives with extraordinary potential for these devices.