Analysis of vibrator performance at low frequencies

It has been recognized that extending the bandwidth of seismic measurements below 10 Hz can bring many benefits for geophysical exploration. Due to physical limitations in vibrator mechanical and hydraulic systems, the ability of seismic vibrators to produce significant output power at low frequencies is limited. This paper focuses on the key factors that limit vibrator performance at low frequencies and demonstrates them empirically. Our main purpose is to help geophysicists understand seismic vibrator performance at low frequencies so that they can design an optimal low frequency sweep.