Review—Recent Applications of Resistive-pulse Sensing Using 2D Nanopores

This article reviews the recent advances and applications of resistive-pulse sensors of 2D nanopores, which are based on atomically thin materials such as graphene, MoS 2 , WS 2 , h-BN, and MXenes. Due to their thickness, they are superior to other materials (e.g., SiN x , SiO 2 ) in terms of spatial resolution which is desired for DNA, RNA, and protein sequencing. They can be used for single-molecule detection and analysis as well as their nature. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed such as improving the stability, large-scale production, and size reproducibility of 2D nanopores. This review briefly discusses briefly the nanopore fabrication techniques, recent sensing applications in the last five years, and performance characteristics of 2D nanopore sensors, as well as their advantages and limitations over other types of nanopore sensors.