Ponicidin as a promising anticancer agent: Its biological and biopharmaceutical profile along with a molecular docking study

Ponicidin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid derived from Rabdosia rubescens, exhibits antitumor activities against several types of cancers. This review summarizes the botanical sources, biological activities, and biopharmaceutical profile of ponicidin. Additionally, a molecular docking study has been undertaken to correlate the interaction of this diterpenoid with biomacromolecules found in the literature. For this purpose, an up-to-date (till December 2018) literature survey was conducted using a number of databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, the American Chemical Society, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Findings suggest that ponicidin exerts antioxidant and anticancer activity in various test systems, including experimental animals and cultured cancer cells. Research findings revealed that anticancer mechanisms of ponicidin include antioxidant/oxidative stress induction, cytotoxic, apoptotic inductive, chemosensitizer, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative effects. In silico study suggests that 5ITD (PI3K) was the best protein with which ponicidin interacts to exert its anticancer effect. In conclusion, ponicidin might be a promising plant-derived cancer chemotherapeutic agent.