A Review of Apothecial Production by Monilinia Fungi in Japan

The literature on apothecial production by Monilinia spp. is reviewed with particular attention given to Japanese work. Four stages of apothecial development are distinguished—stromatal development, stromatal maturation, apothecial initiation, and apothecial differentiation. Information is given on growth conditions which have been found suitable in laboratory studies for apothecial production by M. fructicola, M. fructigena, M. mali, and M. oxycocci. The temperature, light and moisture regimes, substrates, and incubation times used were similar to those that are encountered in the field in regions of Japan where apothecia are frequently found. The effect of weather conditions and of fruit size and time of ripening of hosts on apothecial production is discussed.