硝酸
温室气体
上游(联网)
下游(制造业)
环境科学
氨
生产(经济)
臭氧层
控制(管理)
氨生产
过程(计算)
化学
废物管理
计算机科学
经济
人工智能
有机化学
宏观经济学
作者
Javier Pérez-Ramírez,Freek Kapteijn,K Schöffel,Jacob A. Moulijn
标识
DOI:10.1016/s0926-3373(03)00026-2
摘要
Abstract Nitric acid production represents the largest source of N2O in the chemical industry, with a global annual emission of 400 kt N2O. The high impact of N2O on the environment as greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone depletor, and the ongoing agreements and prospective regulations calls for the development of efficient and economical systems for N2O mitigation, but no mature commercial technology is yet available. In this review, the current state-of-the-art for N2O control in the nitric acid manufacture is presented. The formation of N2O and the process are analyzed and several options for reducing its emissions are discussed, depending on the position in the process. Primary abatement options deals with modifications in the ammonia oxidation catalyst, secondary abatement with options between the ammonia converter and the absorber, tertiary abatement with options in the tail-gas upstream of the expander, and quaternary abatement with options in the tail-gas downstream of the expander. The abatement technologies are evaluated based on the technical advantages and disadvantages, and cost efficiency.
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