Difference of Antrochoanal Polyps Between Children and Adults in the Chinese Population

Objective This study aims to find the difference in clinical and immunopathological characteristics between children and adults with antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) in the Chinese population. Methods The clinical data of 69 patients diagnosed with ACPs were retrospectively analyzed. Cytokine levels in 16 controls and 40 ACPs tissues were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 was measured using qPCR, immunofluorescent staining, and western blot. Results There were 51 (73.9%) children (<18 years old) and 18 (26.1%) adults (≥18 years old). The sex ratio differed significantly between the two groups ( p = 0.0032). There were no significant differences in the nasal side of ACPs and approaches to surgery between the two groups. In both groups, the most common symptom was nasal obstruction, followed by nasal discharge. As for associated nasal diseases, there was a significant difference between the two groups in septal deviation ( p = 0.0223). Adult patients showed significantly higher expression of IL‐8 mRNA than children ( p = 0.0424). The mRNA and protein levels of MMP‐9 were also significantly higher in adult patients than in children ( p = 0.0498 and 0.0009, respectively). Conclusion In the Chinese population, the comorbidities and immunopathological characteristics of adult ACP patients are different from those of children. The level of IL‐8 and MMP‐9 was significantly higher in ACPs of adults than in children, which may contribute to the more severe tissue remolding in adult ACP patients. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope , 134:2093–2099, 2024