Human microbiota colonization and pancreatic ductal carcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate and a poor prognosis. The human microbiota has been confirmed to participate in oncogenesis and may influence the treatment response to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Evidence for the association of the microbiota with PDAC risk, tumorigenesis, treatment response, and survival period is rapidly emerging. The oral microbiota and gut microbiota have the potential to be used in early diagnosis and risk stratification. Intratumor microbiota-targeted intervention strategies may be used as adjuvants to current treatments to improve therapeutic efficacy and overall survival. Here, we summarize the effect and association of the oral, gut and intratumor microbiota on the oncogenesis, progression and treatment of PDAC, as well as the potential of the microbiota to serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of PDAC, as well as a therapeutic target.