New insights into the role of GSK-3β in the brain: from neurodegenerative disease to tumorigenesis

疾病 癌变 神经科学 生物信息学 医学 生物 癌症 病理 遗传学
作者
Shenjin Lai,Peng Wang,Jingru Gong,Shuaishuai Zhang
出处
期刊:PeerJ [PeerJ, Inc.]
卷期号:11: e16635-e16635 被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.7717/peerj.16635
摘要

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase widely expressed in various tissues and organs. Unlike other kinases, GSK-3 is active under resting conditions and is inactivated upon stimulation. In mammals, GSK-3 includes GSK-3 α and GSK-3β isoforms encoded by two homologous genes, namely, GSK3A and GSK3B. GSK-3β is essential for the control of glucose metabolism, signal transduction, and tissue homeostasis. As more than 100 known proteins have been identified as GSK-3β substrates, it is sometimes referred to as a moonlighting kinase. Previous studies have elucidated the regulation modes of GSK-3β. GSK-3β is involved in almost all aspects of brain functions, such as neuronal morphology, synapse formation, neuroinflammation, and neurological disorders. Recently, several comparatively specific small molecules have facilitated the chemical manipulation of this enzyme within cellular systems, leading to the discovery of novel inhibitors for GSK-3β. Despite these advancements, the therapeutic significance of GSK-3β as a drug target is still complicated by uncertainties surrounding the potential of inhibitors to stimulate tumorigenesis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate mechanisms of this enzyme and evaluates the existing evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of GSK-3β in brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, mood disorders, and glioblastoma.
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