Boekelheide Rearrangement: A Promising Tool for the Modification of Aromatic Azaheterocycles

Abstract The Boekelheide rearrangement is a powerful synthetic transformation that enables the modification of aromatic azaheterocycles, particularly pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline derivatives. This review highlights the historical background, mechanisms, and recent advancements associated with the Boekelheide rearrangement from 1947 to 2025, emphasizing its utility in the synthesis of biologically active compounds. The method's versatility is underscored by its ability to facilitate various transformations, including the conversion of N ‐oxides into valuable functionalized products through efficient and regioselective processes.