Evaluation of different treatment modalities for diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis: A case series report and review of the literature

To provide perspectives on preoperative diagnosis and conservative treatment for diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis (DUL).The clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of the five cases diagnosed with DUL receiving surgical treatment at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2010 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.DUL is a diagnosis based on histopathology. It is a subtype of uterine leiomyoma, characterized by innumerable, poorly circumscribed hypercellular nodules of bland smooth muscle cells with no cytologic atypia diffusely involving the myometrium. Clinical manifestations, including menorrhagia, anemia, and infertility, are similar to those of typical uterine leiomyomas, making a definitive preoperative diagnosis difficult. Magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the pre-treatment mapping. Conservative surgery can reduce the uterine volume and improve the contour of the uterine cavity, thereby relieving symptoms of menorrhagia and improving the chance of conception. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy is of great significance for controlling vaginal bleeding, reducing uterine volume, and delaying postoperative recurrence, and can be used alone or as postoperative adjuvant therapy for conservative surgery.The treatment goal for DUL patients with fertility-sparing request should not aim at complete fibroid removal. A successful pregnancy can be achieved following conservative surgery and/or GnRH agonist therapy.