永久冻土
冻土带
环境科学
降水
北极的
热岩溶
气候变化
大气科学
气候学
全球变暖
温室气体
自然地理学
水文学(农业)
地质学
气象学
海洋学
地理
岩土工程
作者
Rúna Í. Magnússon,Alexandra Hamm,Sergey V. Karsanaev,Juul Limpens,David Kleijn,Andrew Frampton,Trofim C. Maximov,Monique M. P. D. Heijmans
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41467-022-29248-x
摘要
Permafrost thaw can accelerate climate warming by releasing carbon from previously frozen soil in the form of greenhouse gases. Rainfall extremes have been proposed to increase permafrost thaw, but the magnitude and duration of this effect are poorly understood. Here we present empirical evidence showing that one extremely wet summer (+100 mm; 120% increase relative to average June-August rainfall) enhanced thaw depth by up to 35% in a controlled irrigation experiment in an ice-rich Siberian tundra site. The effect persisted over two subsequent summers, demonstrating a carry-over effect of extremely wet summers. Using soil thermal hydrological modelling, we show that rainfall extremes delayed autumn freeze-up and rainfall-induced increases in thaw were most pronounced for warm summers with mid-summer precipitation rainfall extremes. Our results suggest that, with rainfall and temperature both increasing in the Arctic, permafrost will likely degrade and disappear faster than is currently anticipated based on rising air temperatures alone.
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