The Caveolin-1 Scaffolding Domain Peptide Reverses Aging-Associated Deleterious Changes in Multiple Organs

Aging is a progressive, multifactorial, degenerative process in which deleterious changes occur in the biochemistry and function of organs. We showed that angiotensin II (AngII)-induced pathologies in the heart and kidney of young (3-month-old) mice are suppressed by the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide. Because AngII mediates many aging-associated changes, we explored whether CSD could reverse pre-existing pathologies and improve organ function in aged mice. Using 18-month-old mice (similar to 60-year-old humans), we found that >5-fold increases in leakage of serum proteins and >2-fold increases in fibrosis are associated with aging in the heart, kidney, and brain. Because tyrosine phosphorylation of cell junction proteins leads to the loss of microvascular barrier function, we analyzed the activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFR and the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases c-Src and Pyk2. We observed 5-fold activation of PDGFR and 2- to 3-fold activation of c-Src and Pyk2 in aged mice. Treatment with CSD for 4 weeks reversed these pathologic changes (microvascular leakage, fibrosis, kinase activation) in all organs almost down to the levels in healthy, young mice. In studies of heart function, CSD reduced the aging-associated increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and enhanced ventricular compliance in that echocardiographic studies demonstrated improved ejection fraction and fractional shortening and reduced isovolumic relation time. These results suggest that versions of CSD may be developed as treatments for aging-associated diseases in human patients based on the concept that CSD inhibits tyrosine kinases, leading to the inhibition of microvascular leakage and associated fibrosis, thereby improving organ function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

The caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide reverses aging-associated fibrosis, microvascular leakage, and organ dysfunction in the heart, kidneys, and brain via a mechanism that involves the suppression of the activity of multiple tyrosine kinases, suggesting that CSD can be developed as a treatment for a wide range of diseases found primarily in the aged.