Surgical treatment of uterine septum to improve reproductive outcomes — resect or not?

Septate uterus is the most common congenital uterine anomaly, accounting for 35% of such anomalies (1). The literature describing an association between septate uterus and infertility or pregnancy loss consists almost exclusively of retrospective studies, and the only randomized, controlled trial (RCT) failed to demonstrate any significant association (2, 3).