Versatile detection with CRISPR/Cas system from applications to challenges

CRISPR/Cas system is now playing an important role in biosensing applications, especially when the trans cleavage activity of several Cas effectors is discovered. Recently, CRISPR/Cas system combining with multiple detection techniques has been developed for various targets detection, which broadens the application scope of CRISPR/Cas system and makes the system more mature. In this review, the characteristics of four commonly used Cas effectors are first analyzed. Detection strategies based on the binding activity and cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas system are fully discussed. Various targets including nucleic acids, protein, bacteria, metal ions and small molecules can be detected by CRSIPR/Cas system. However, there are still some challenges need to be addressed in the future, like off-target effect, target sequence limitation, multiplex and quantitative detection limitation, etc. As the CRISPR technology continues to develop, the CRSIPR/Cas system with its unique glamour would provide infinite possibilities for various targets detection in the future.