Huo Po Xia Ling decoction exerts preventive and improvement effects on gastric precancerous lesions by remodeling gut microbiota and associated metabolites

These results suggest that HPXLD exerts significant therapeutic effects in GPL by rebalancing the gut microbiota, modulating tryptophan metabolism, and reducing inflammation. These findings not only validate the clinical potential of HPXLD in managing GPL but also underscore the significant contribution of the gut microbiota-metabolite-inflammation axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of precancerous gastric conditions.