Cu Atoms on Nanowire Pd/HyWO3–x Bronzes Enhance the Solar Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction

Nanowire hydrogen bronzes of WO₃ nanowires decorated with Pd (Pd/H_yWO_3-x) were previously demonstrated to effectively capture broadband radiation across the ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelength range and catalyze the reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS). Herein, we report a synthetic strategy to enhance the performance of this class of photocatalysts by conformally coating Cu atoms onto the surface of Pd/H_yWO_3-x by anchoring Cu(I)O^tBu to the Brønsted acidic protons of the bronze. The resulting materials are characterized by a suite of analytical methods, including electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In addition, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy demonstrated that for the light-driven RWGS reaction, as little as 0.2 at. % Cu facilitates the formation of surface carboxylate species from CO₂, resulting in a 300-500% enhancement in the rate of CO production. This metal anchoring method enables atom precise modification of the surfaces of metal oxide nanomaterials for catalytic applications, circumventing the need for complex and expensive atomic layer deposition processes.