普氏粪杆菌
肠道菌群
微生物群
生物
粪便
食品科学
间歇性禁食
某种肠道细菌
双歧杆菌
肠道微生物群
生物化学
微生物学
生物信息学
乳酸菌
内分泌学
发酵
作者
Marjolein P. Schoonakker,Petra G. van Peet,Elske L. van den Burg,Mattijs E. Numans,Quinten R. Ducarmon,Hanno Pijl,Maria Wiese
出处
期刊:Nutrition Research Reviews
[Cambridge University Press]
日期:2024-04-11
卷期号:: 1-47
标识
DOI:10.1017/s0954422424000131
摘要
Abstract Restriction of dietary carbohydrates, fat, and/or protein is often used to reduce body weight and/or treat (metabolic) diseases. Since diet is a key modulator of the human gut microbiome, which plays an important role in health and disease, this review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the effects of macronutrient-restricted diets on gut microbial composition and metabolites. A structured search strategy was performed in several databases. After screening for in-and exclusion criteria, 36 articles could be included. Data are included in the results only when supported by at least three independent studies to enhance the reliability of our conclusions. Low-carbohydrate (<30 energy%) diets tended to induce a decrease in the relative abundance of several health-promoting bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, as well as a reduction in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels in faeces. In contrast, low-fat diets (<30 energy%) increased alpha diversity, faecal SCFA levels, and abundance of some beneficial bacteria, including F. prausnitzii. There was insufficient data to draw conclusions concerning the effects of low-protein (<10 energy%) diets on gut microbiota. Although the data of included studies unveils possible benefits of low-fat and potential drawbacks of low-carbohydrate diets for human gut microbiota, the diversity in study designs made it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Using a more uniform methodology in design, sample processing and sharing raw sequence data could foster our understanding of the effects of macronutrient restriction on gut microbiota composition and metabolic dynamics relevant to health. This systematic review was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42020156929.
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