Enhancing perovskite solar cells: Tailoring the properties of Ti-doped MAPbBr3 for reduced recombination and improved efficiency

By using the sol-gel method, (0 %, 4 % and 6 %) Ti-doped MAPbBr3 films were deposited on FTO-glass substrates. XRD confirmed t cubic structure of all films and the 4 % Ti-doped film has a large grain size of 80 nm. UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the 4 % Ti-doped film has low band gap energy of 2.36 eV, and a high refractive index of 2.62. The tuning of the conduction and valence band edges speeds up the movement of charges between the layers. The solar cells of these films have been fabricated with the geometry of glass/TiO2/Ti-MAPbBr3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au. The 4 % Ti-MAPbBr3 based cell showed high current density (9.15 mA/cm2), open circuit voltage (1.03 V), fill factor (0.7407), and efficiency (6.9804 %). EIS showed that the 4 % Ti-MAPbBr3 cell has an increased electron transfer rate and lowers the possibility of recombination at the TiO2/perovskite interface.