When nanoelectrochemistry meets biocatalysis

This mini-review discusses recent advances in nanoelectrochemical techniques for detecting or imaging the bioelectrocatalytic activity of single enzymatic nanoentities. Two current strategies are highlighted and their performance levels deciphered: nano-impact electrochemistry and nano scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) imaging. These strategies enable the separation in time or space, respectively, of multiple individual faradaic signals captured from a collection of entities dispersed in volume or on a surface. The exploratory nature of nanoelectrochemistry, applied to bioelectrocatalysis, is generating captivating know-how to study enzyme/electrode processes and new knowledge to overcome fundamental barriers in heterogenous biocatalysis.