The mediating role of hostile attribution bias in social exclusion affecting aggressive behavior

Abstract Aggression is one of the public social issues affecting campus harmony and stability, and social exclusion is an important interpersonal contextual factor among many factors affecting aggression. However, studies examining the influence of social exclusion on aggression and its mediating mechanism are not systematic enough. Based on the general aggression model (GAM), we intend to explore the role of hostile attribution bias (HAB) in both trait and state levels of social exclusion, which leads to aggression through a combination of questionnaire and experimental methods. Study 1 surveyed 388 current high school students ( M age = 16.09, SD = 1.01) and found that HAB mediates the relationship between long‐term social exclusion (trait level) and aggression tendency. Study 2 experimented with 181 high school students ( M age = 16.95, SD = 1.13) to examine whether short‐term social exclusion (state level) after initiating the Cyberball paradigm could still influence aggressive behavior through the mediating role of HAB. Results found that the mediating role of HAB still holds. The findings of the study further enrich the GAM and have important implications for a more targeted approach to aggression prevention and intervention.