Effect of AI intervention programs for older adults on the quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background The extension of life expectancy due to medical advancements has resulted in global aging and increased social costs for elder care. Additionally, stringent health measures related to infectious disease pandemics have adversely affected the quality of life for older adults. This study investigates AI-based interventions to address quality of life issues. Objective This study systematically examines AI interventions for the older adults, focusing on randomized experimental studies, and aims to provide guidelines for future intervention programs through meta-analysis. Method A comprehensive meta-analysis that examines the impact of various AI interventions on the overall quality of life experienced by older adults has been conducted, encompassing thirteen randomized controlled trials. Results The overall effect size of AI intervention programs on the quality of life in the older adults, assessed using the random-effects model, was found to be small (Hedges’ g = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.10–0.51). Additionally, the effect size of quality of life was examined based on the subfactors of the AI intervention program, revealing a range of 5–11 weeks. Robot intervention exhibited a higher effect size than smart device intervention. Conclusion To improve the quality of life of older adults, further investigation is warranted, including a follow-up study to develop a AI-based intervention program tailored to the type of AI program and intervention duration.