Simultaneous noninvasive monitoring of diabetes and hypoxia using core-shell nanozyme – oxidase enzyme biosensors

We report on advanced nanozyme-enzyme biosensors enabling noninvasive simultaneous monitoring of diabetes and hypoxia. Dip-coating with core-shell Prussian Blue – nickel hexacyanoferrate nanozymes results in both stable and sensitive hydrogen peroxide transducers. The best performance characteristics of the resulting biosensors are provided by nanoparticles of 50 nm in diameter containing 35–37 nm (ø) Prussian Blue core. The noninvasive monitor operated via continuous sweat analysis is based on a flow-through multibiosensor for the simultaneous detection of glucose and lactate. As shown, the elaborated glucose-lactate monitor being attached to the human skin surface returns the true concentration for both glucose and lactate in undiluted human sweat. The application of the wearable device incorporating developed biosensors would obviously open new horizons in noninvasive continuous monitoring of hypoxia and glycemia.