Predicting the progression of Parkinson's disease using conventional MRI and machine learning: An application of radiomic biomarkers in whole‐brain white matter

Purpose This study aimed to develop and validate a radiomics model based on whole‐brain white matter and clinical features to predict the progression of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods PD patient data from the Parkinson's Progress Markers Initiative (PPMI) database was evaluated. Seventy‐two PD patients with disease progression, as measured by the Hoehn‐Yahr Scale (HYS) (stage 1‐5), and 72 PD patients with stable PD were matched by sex, age, and category of HYS and included in the current study. Each individual’s T 1 ‐weighted MRI scans at the baseline timepoint were segmented to isolate whole‐brain white matter for radiomics feature extraction. The total dataset was divided into a training and test set according to subject serial number. The size of the training dataset was reduced using the maximum relevance minimum redundancy (mRMR) algorithm to construct a radiomics signature using machine learning. Finally, a joint model was constructed by incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical progression scores. The test data were then used to validate the prediction models, which were evaluated based on discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Results Based on the overall data, the areas under curve (AUCs) of the joint model, signature and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale III PD rating score were 0.836, 0.795, and 0.550, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivities were 0.805, 0.875, and 0.292, respectively, and the specificities were 0.722, 0.697, and 0.861, respectively. In addition, the predictive accuracy of the model was 0.827, the sensitivity was 0.829 and the specificity was 0.702 for stage‐1 PD. For stage‐2 PD, the predictive accuracy of the model was 0.854, the sensitivity was 0.960, and the specificity was 0.600. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that conventional structural MRI can predict the progression of PD. This work also supports the use of a simple radiomics signature built from whole‐brain white matter features as a useful tool for the assessment and monitoring of PD progression.