Efficacy and Safety of Abrocitinib and Dupilumab in the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of abrocitinib and dupilumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: A retrospective analysis of 104 patients with moderate-to-severe AD (January-June 2023) was conducted. Patients received either oral abrocitinib 200 mg/day (n = 51) or subcutaneous dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks (n = 53, baseline load 600 mg) for 24 weeks. Results: At 4, 8, and 12 weeks posttreatment, patients in the abrocitinib group exhibited significantly lower Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores compared to the dupilumab group ( P < .05). Additionally, patients in the abrocitinib group demonstrated significantly lower Numeric Rating Scale for Pruritus (P-NRS) scores at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks posttreatment compared to the dupilumab group ( P < .05). Furthermore, patients in the abrocitinib group showed significantly lower Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks posttreatment compared to the dupilumab group ( P < .05). Compared with dupilumab group, EASI, P-NRS and DLQI levels in abrocitinib group were more significantly decreased. The incidence of conjunctivitis in dupilumab group was significantly higher than that in abrocitinib group ( P < .05). The incidence of nausea in abrocitinib group was significantly higher than that in dupilumab group ( P < .05). Conclusion: Both abrocitinib and dupilumab can significantly relieve pruritus and improve quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe AD at 24 weeks after treatment, but abrocitinib is more effective in relieving pruritus. Both abrocitinib and dupilumab have high safety, but require attention for gastrointestinal symptoms and conjunctivitis, respectively.