纳米材料基催化剂
催化作用
氧化物
纳米技术
材料科学
粒子(生态学)
纳米颗粒
形态学(生物学)
纳米
化学工程
金属
选择性
纳米尺度
Crystal(编程语言)
化学
有机化学
冶金
复合材料
工程类
程序设计语言
地质学
海洋学
生物
遗传学
计算机科学
摘要
Nanocatalysts are characterised by the unique nanoscale properties that originate from their highly reduced dimensions. Extensive studies over the past few decades have demonstrated that the size and shape of a catalyst particle on the nanometre scale profoundly affect its reaction performance. In particular, controlling the catalyst particle morphology allows a selective exposure of a larger fraction of the reactive facets on which the active sites can be enriched and tuned. This desirable surface coordination of catalytically active atoms or domains substantially improves catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. This phenomenon is called morphology-dependent nanocatalysts: catalyst particles with anisotropic morphologies on the nanometre scale greatly affect the reaction performance by selectively exposing the desired facets. In this review, we highlight important progress in morphology-dependent nanocatalysts based on the use of rod-shaped metal oxides with characteristic redox and acid-base features. The correlation between the catalytic properties and the exposed facets verifies the chemical nature of the morphology effect. Moreover, we provide an overview of the interactions between the rod-shaped oxides and the metal nanoparticles in metal-oxide catalyst systems, involving crystal-facet-selective deposition of metal particles onto different crystal facets in the oxide supports. A fundamental understanding of active sites in morphologically tuneable oxides enclosed by the desired reactive facets is expected to direct the development of highly efficient nanocatalysts.
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