Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on TiO2 Heterojunction Photocatalysts—A Review

The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to renewable fuel or other valuable chemicals using solar energy is attracting the interest of researchers because of its great potential to offer a clean fuel alternative and solve global warming problems. Unfortunately, the efficiency of CO2 photocatalytic reduction remains not very high due to the fast recombination of photogenerated electron–hole and small light utilization. Consequently, tremendous efforts have been made to solve these problems, and one possible solution is the use of heterojunction photocatalysts. This review begins with the fundamental aspects of CO2 photocatalytic reduction and the fundamental principles of various heterojunction photocatalysts. In the following part, we discuss using TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts with other semiconductors, such as C3N4, CeO2, CuO, CdS, MoS2, GaP, CaTiO3 and FeTiO3. Finally, a concise summary and presentation of perspectives in the field of heterojunction photocatalysts are provided. The review covers references in the years 2011–2021.