Nrf2 driven macrophage responses in diverse pathophysiological contexts: Disparate pieces from a shared molecular puzzle

BioFactorsVolume 48, Issue 4 p. 795-812 REVIEW ARTICLE Nrf2 driven macrophage responses in diverse pathophysiological contexts: Disparate pieces from a shared molecular puzzle Goutham V. Ganesh, Goutham V. Ganesh Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorKumar Ganesan, Kumar Ganesan School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong KongSearch for more papers by this authorBaojun Xu, Corresponding Author Baojun Xu baojunxu@uic.edu.cn orcid.org/0000-0003-0739-3735 Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China Correspondence Baojun Xu, Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China. Email: baojunxu@uic.edu.cn Ramkumar Kunka Mohanrama, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: ramkumak@srmist.edu.inSearch for more papers by this authorKunka Mohanram Ramkumar, Corresponding Author Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar ramkumak@srmist.edu.in orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-902X Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence Baojun Xu, Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China. Email: baojunxu@uic.edu.cn Ramkumar Kunka Mohanrama, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: ramkumak@srmist.edu.inSearch for more papers by this author Goutham V. Ganesh, Goutham V. Ganesh Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorKumar Ganesan, Kumar Ganesan School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong KongSearch for more papers by this authorBaojun Xu, Corresponding Author Baojun Xu baojunxu@uic.edu.cn orcid.org/0000-0003-0739-3735 Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China Correspondence Baojun Xu, Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China. Email: baojunxu@uic.edu.cn Ramkumar Kunka Mohanrama, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: ramkumak@srmist.edu.inSearch for more papers by this authorKunka Mohanram Ramkumar, Corresponding Author Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar ramkumak@srmist.edu.in orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-902X Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence Baojun Xu, Food Science and Technology Programme, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China. Email: baojunxu@uic.edu.cn Ramkumar Kunka Mohanrama, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: ramkumak@srmist.edu.inSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 May 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.1867 Funding information: SRM Institute of Science and Technology; Indian Council of Medical Research, Grant/Award Number: 2020-9621 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The wide anatomical distribution of macrophages and their vast array of functions match various polarization states and their involvement in homeostasis and disease. The confluence of different cellular signaling networks, including direct involvement in inflammation, at the doorstep of the transcription factor Nuclear Factor- erythroid (NF-E2) p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation raises the importance of deciphering the molecular circuitry at the background of multiple-discrete and antagonistic yet flexible and contextual pathways. While we primarily focus on wound healing and repair mechanisms that are affected in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), we strive to explore the striking similarities and differences in molecular events including inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis during tissue injury and wound persistence that accumulates pro-inflammatory senescent macrophages, as a means to identify possible targets or cellular mediators to lessen DFU disease burden. In addition, the role of iron in the modulation of Nrf2 response in macrophages is crucial and reviewed here. Targeted approaches, unlike conventional treatments, in DFU management will require the review and re-assessment of mediators with relevance to other pathological conditions. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflict of interest exists. Open Research DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT This is a review paper Volume48, Issue4July/August 2022Pages 795-812 RelatedInformation