Chiral Conformation of Subnanometric Materials

Subnanometric materials (SNMs) refer to nanomaterials with sizes comparable to the diameter of common linear polymers or confined at the level of a single unit cell in at least one dimension, usually <1 nm. Conventional inorganic nanoparticles are usually deemed to be rigid, lacking self-adjustable conformation. In contrast, the size at subnanometric scale endows SNMs with flexibility analogous to polymers, resulting in their abundant self-adjustable conformation. It is noteworthy that some highly flexible SNMs can adjust their shape automatically to form chiral conformation, which is rare in conventional inorganic nanoparticles. Herein, we summarize the chiral conformation of SNMs and clarify the driving force behind their formation, in an attempt to establish a better understanding for the origin of flexibility and chirality at subnanometric scale. In addition, the general strategies for controlling the conformation of SNMs are elaborated, which might shed light on the efficient fabrications of chiral inorganic materials. Finally, the challenges facing this area as well as some unexplored topics are discussed.