Long-term prognostic value of CRP–albumin–lymphocyte index in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex and heterogeneous clinical condition characterized by the interplay of malnutrition and immune inflammation, especially in elderly patients. The CRP-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) index, a novel composite indicator reflecting immune inflammation and nutritional status, has not yet been validated as a prognostic tool in elderly patients with HFpEF. This retrospective study included 320 elderly patients hospitalized at the Air Force Medical Center from October 2016 to April 2019 due to HFpEF. Patients were stratified into the all-cause mortality and the survival groups according to follow-up outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were performed to identify risk factors associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, we constructed and evaluated a nomogram based on the CALLY index to predict survival rates. During the follow-up period, 137 cases (42.81 %) of patients experienced all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis revealed that a lower CALLY index (HR 0.811, 95 % CI 0.714-0.921, P = 0.001) was independently associated with adverse prognosis in elderly patients with HFpEF. The nomogram incorporating the CALLY index exhibited robust predictive performance for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival outcomes. Our findings demonstrate that the CALLY index is an independent predictor of long-term mortality in elderly patients with HFpEF. The developed nomogram incorporating the CALLY index could effectively predict survival probabilities.