Design strategies of electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction

Electrochemical water splitting, especially in acidic media, is a promising technology for hydrogen production and sustainable energy conversion. However, it remains a challenge to synthesize suitable acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts that provide high activity and long-term stability according to the industrial standards. Up to date, quite few reviews provide a systematic summarization of the strategies and approaches to improve the electrocatalytic performances of the catalysts in acidic electrolytes. Herein, we analyze the electrochemical behavior of the reported state-of-the-art OER catalysts and provide a comprehensive review of the systematic strategies for preparing high-performance electrocatalysts. First, we introduce some fundamentals of OER mechanism to give readers a deeper understanding of this field. Then, we summarize and discuss various design strategies, including electronic state modulation, structural manipulation, etc. Finally, the challenges, opportunities, and future outlook regarding acidic OER electrocatalysts are delivered. This review will serve as a useful guiding resource for researchers seeking in-depth understanding of the OER mechanism in acidic media as well as learning approaches for synthesizing highly efficient and cost-effective OER electrocatalysts.