Update on Autoimmune Diseases Pathogenesis

Background: Autoimmune diseases result from the interplay of cellular effectors like T and B cells, regulatory cells in addition to molecular factors like cytokines and regulatory molecules. Methods: Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to find out the literature of interest. Results: Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases involves typical factors such as genetic background including HLA and non HLA system genes, environmental factors such as infectious agents and inflammatory cells mainly T and B lymphocytes abnormally activated leading to immune dysfunction. Other recently reported less typical factors such as micro-RNAs, circular RNAs, myeloperoxidase, vimentine and microbiome dysbiosis seem to be potential target therapies. Conclusion: We aimed in this manuscript to review common factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.