aDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA bDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom cCentre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom dDepartment of Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Suite 300, 1070 Arastradero Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Tel.: +1 (650) 497-1482. E-mail address: [email protected] (L. C. Heathcote). Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.