The Art of Being Human: The Humanities as a Technique for Living

I. EXPLORING THE HUMANITIES 1. Humanities: A Shining Beacon Overview of this Book Gifts of the Humanities Beauty Beautiful Movement Language Ideas Deeper Sense of the Past Becoming an Infinite Person Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion 2. Humanities and Critical Thinking Overview Apollonian and Dionysian Responses to the Humanities Popcorn Syndrome Empathy and Alienation Importance of Knowing when a Purely Emotional Response is Appropriate Importance of Responding Critically Exercising the Mind Solving Problems Challenging Assumptions Recognizing Contexts A Guide to Critical Viewing: Professional and Personal Role of the Professional Critic Personal Critical Response Literalists and Figuratists Literalist Speech Figuratist Speech Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion 3. Myth and the Origin of the Humanities Archetypes in Mythology Hero as World Myth Power of Words Power of Numbers Circle Journey Garden Gods as Human Beings Myth as Explanation Creation Natural World Human Suffering Cursed by Fate Myths of Childhood How We Get Our values Importance of Being Attractive and Rich Importance of Names Dark Side Popular Mythology Common Sayings How Myth Influences the Humanities Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion II. DISCIPLINES OF THE HUMANITIES 4. Literature Literature as History Basic Literary Impulse: Identity First Epic: Gilgamesh An Early Masterpiece: Homer's Iliad Poetry Lyrical Poetry Sonnet Metaphors and Conceits A Modern Love Sonnet Haiku Simple Forms, Profound Meaning: William Blake Religious Poetry Modernism Moves Forward: Emily Dickinson Poetry of the Harlem Renaissance Poetry in Our Time Novel Early Western Novels Novel in America Coming-of-Age Novel Short Story Magazine Fiction Epiphany Short Story Today: John Updike Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion Take a Closer Look: Collier's The Chaser 5. Art Need to Imitate Let Me See! Styles and Media Creating Likeness in Different Styles Classical Art Medieval Art Renaissance Art A Rebellion against Perfect Likeness Goya Impressionism Post-Impressionism: Van Gogh Art as Alternation Sixty-Ninth Regiment Armory Show, 1913 Cubism: Picasso and Braque Unreal Realism Superrealism Camera and Computer Art Pop Art Performance, Prank, and Installation Art Architecture Religious Architecture Secular Architecture Frank Lloyd Wright Frank O. Gehry Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion Take a Closer Look: Kahlo's Self-Portrait on the Border Between Mexico and the United States 6. Music Basic Elements of Music Tone Scale Rhythm Melody Harmony and the Orchestra Silence Varieties of Musical Experience A Bach Fugue A Beethoven Symphony Art Songs Folk Songs Spiritual Gospel Songs Ragtime, Jazz, Blues Popular Songs Hip-Hop Contemporary Non-Western Music Musical Avant-Garde Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion Take a Closer Look: DeBussy's Clair de Lune 7. Theater Major Tragic and Serious Plays in Theater History Greek Classical Theater and Elizabethan Theater: A Comparison Recognition Scene in Sophocles and Shakespeare Aristotle on the Nature of Tragedy Shakespeare and Dramatic Verse Neoclassic Tragedy Realism and Naturalism Modern Genres and Conventions Modern Tragedy Melodrama and Tragedy Comedy in Theatre History Satire Shakespeare's Comedy of Character Farce Contemporary Anti-Middle-Class Comedy Contemporary Serious Comedy Parody Theater of Ideas Ibsen Shaw Naturalism Chekov Family Theme A Theatrical Century of Dynamic Change Modern Theater of Ideas Theatre of Cruelty Racial Themes Gay Rights Backstage Director Tablework Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion Take a Closer Look: Miller's of a Salesman 8. Musical Stage: Opera, Music Drama, Dance Early History of Musical Theater Monteverdi Classical and Baroque Opera Mozart Verdi and Romantic Opera Wagner Modern Opera and Operetta Treemonisha Showboat: An Operetta Porgy and Bess Other Modern Operas of Note Broadway Musical Of Thee I Sing Musical Play Pal Joey Oklahoma! West SideStory Spring Awakening Next to Normal Dance Early History Ballet French Ballet: Giselle Russian Ballet: Tchaikovsky and Diaghilev Modern Dance Martha Graham Other Schools of Modern Dance Folkloric Dance Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion Take a Closer Look: La Boehme and Rent 9. Cinema Conventions of Film Sound Camera Color Time Challenging Conventions Some Early Milestones Early Filmmakers: D.W. Griffith Early Filmmakers: Sergei Eisenstein Major Film Genres Slapstick Comedy: Sennet and Chaplin Farce: Marx Brothers Enduring Appeal of the Animated Film Film Noir Romantic Comedy Screen Musical Western Social Issues Documentaries Fictionalized Biography Loosely Based on the Original Two American Film Classics Citizen Kane Casablanca Film Auteur Ingmar Bergman Federico Fellini Alfred Hitchcock Akira Kurosawa Stanley Kubrick Francis Ford Coppola A Word of Critical Viewing Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion Take a Closer Look: Saving Private Ryan III. THEMES IN THE HUMANITIES 10. Religion Overview Belief in Many Gods Egypt Hinduism Polytheism in Greece and Rome Native American Religions Belief in an Impersonal Divinity How Hinduism led to Buddhism Buddhism Taoism Socrates and Plato Aristotle's Unmoved Mover Belief in One God Judaism Christianity Islam Protestant Reformation Doubt Agnosticism Atheism Religion and the Arts Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion 11. Morality Morality and the Arts Morality and Philosophy Moral Systems Morality of Self-Interest Glaucon versus Socrates Philosopher King Government and Self-Interest Rebellions against Self-Interest Satirical Praise for Self-Interest Enlightened Self-Interest: Machiavelli Enlightened Self-Interest: Thomas Hobbes Econonomics and Self-Interest: Adam Smith Econonomics and Self-Interest: Ayn Rand Transcending Self-Interest: Altruism A Philosophical Defense of Altruism Utilitarianism: Bentham and Mill Bentham's Moral Mathematics Utilitarianism Modified: John Stuart Mill Categorical Imperative of Immanuel Kant Religion and Morality Influence of Dante and Milton on Western Morality Morality of Work Studs Terkel on Work Moral Relativism Global View Feminist Morality Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion 12. Happiness Hedonism: Happiness as Pleasure Literary Hedonism: Poetry of Seduction Hedonist Assumptions Hedonism Reconsidered Epicureanism: Happiness is Avoiding Pain Epicurean Assumptions Epicureanism Reconsidered Stoicism: Happiness as a Strategy for Survival Stoic Assumptions Stoicism Reconsidered Aristotle on Happiness Reason and Virtue Happiness A Government's Responsibility Aristotle Reconsidered Humanities and Unhappiness Models of the Happy Life Anne Frank Martin Luther King, Jr. Gandhi Buddhist Paths to Happiness Dalai Lama Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion 13. Love Body and Soul Eros Lust in Classical Myth Lust on the Shakespearean Stage Eros in Eastern Culture Adultery Agape Platonic Ideal Platonic Love Evaluated Family Love Family Conflicts Family in Religion Matriarchs and Patriarchs Friendship Romantic Love Mariolatry Romance and Chivalry Dante and the Divine Comedy Love as Amusement Courtly Love Love as a Game Love and Conflict Mirabell and Millamant Tracy and Hepburn Love and Marriage Victorian Model New Versions Love in a Time of Health Hazards Love and Older People Imagining a World in Which Only Sex Exists Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion 14. Life-Affirmation Images of Death A Memorable Heroic Image Death in the Popular Arts Dearth at a Distance Catastrophes Strategies for Dealing with Death Death in Real Terms Avoidance of Death Talk Humor Magnifying and Beautifying Death Medicalization of Death Death in Literature Death and Children Facing the Inevitable Before It Happens Death in Music Death in Philosophy Death and An Afterlife Death and Fate Symbolic Death Unworth Symbolic Suicide Symbolic Murder Models of Life Affirmation Phoenix There is Only Now Reinventing Ourselves Guilt and Forgiveness Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion Need MS for these chapters 15. Nature Overview Romantic Views of Nature Early Warnings Forest of Arden Decay of Nature Urban Attitude Thoreau Nature as an Awesome Force Frankenstein Monster Nature and Native Americans Joseph Conrad Inconveniences Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion 16. Freedom Overview Determinism: View that all People are Limited in their Choices Past and Present Limitations Institutional Determinism Economic Determinism Character Consistency Behaviorism Genetics Sociobiology Free Will A Pessimist's Definition of the Will Regret and Relief as Signs of Free Will Psychoanalysis: Freedom through the Conscious Ego Existentialism Religious existentialism Secular existentialism Freedom within Limitations Learning Objectives Key Terms Topics for Writing and Discussion