Isolation, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides from Sanghuang: A Review

The mushroom, Sanghuang, is a medicinal fungus widely used in traditional Chinese medicine that is rich in diverse bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Among them, polysaccharides are considered to be the main active components of Sanghuang, which exhibit a variety of biological activities in vitro and in vivo, such as anti-tumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antiviral, and anti-aging. In this paper, we examine the present state of research on the extraction; isolation and purification; structural characterization; bioactivity; and potential mechanism of action of polysaccharides from Sanghuang. The aim is to provide a scientific foundation for future Sanghuang research.