The Impact of New Energy Vehicle Batteries on the Natural Environment and Recycling Method

At present, new energy vehicles mainly use lithium cobalt acid batteries, Li-iron phosphate batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and ternary batteries as power reserves. These types of cells will cause a certain degree of irreversible environmental impact (mainly from the anode, cathode, and electrolyte of the battery) without treatment. The production and treatment of batteries is still the main problem faced by the current new energy vehicle industry. This paper summarizes the main treatment methods for the waste batteries of new energy vehicles. This paper, through the example of the new energy vehicle battery and untreated battery environmental hazards, put forward the corresponding solutions. New energy vehicle batteries include Li cobalt acid battery, Li-iron phosphate battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, and three lithium batteries. Untreated waste batteries will have a serious impact on the environment. Large amounts of cobalt can seep into the land, causing serious effects and even death to plant growth and development, which can lead to a significant reduction in land yield. And cobalt-contaminated plants can cause a variety of diseases when eaten by humans. The production of batteries will produce a large number of greenhouse gases. At present, the commonly used waste battery treatment methods are echelon utilization, disassembly, recycling, and reuse. In the future, batteries will develop toward the concept of perfect batteries proposed by Buchmann in 2001, and the treatment of waste batteries will be improved. Social demand for new energy vehicles will continue to increase, and attention to battery processing and production will largely reduce the damage to the environment.