Tailoring gas-releasing nanoplatforms for wound treatment: An emerging approach

Wound treatment especially of coping with chronic wounds is a global health issue that challenges medical care and financial strength of every nation. In recent years, gas therapy emerges as a facile yet promising modality for wound healing given that gas signaling molecules (GSMs) participate in various physiological processes such as angiogenesis. In this review, we survey the recent advancements in the tailoring design and fabrication of GSM-releasing nanoplatforms for wound repair according to the specific wound microenvironment. We carefully analyze the different synthetic strategies for the preparation of nanoplatforms in terms of the different gas sources or donor types. Both single gas therapy (GT) and GT-based combined therapies are examined in this review thoroughly. Besides, given the synergetic effects of different GSMs in vivo, nanoplatforms capable of unleashing multiple gas molecules from a single vector are also included in this review. At the end, future outlooks and upcoming challenges of this promising treatment for wound closure are discussed.