A transmission-line microwave interferometer for plasma electron density measurement

We present both the theoretical analysis and proof-of-principle experimental results of a novel transmission-line microwave interferometer for measurements of plasma electron density. The principle of this technique is the same as conventional microwave interferometers except that the sensing microwave propagates along a transmission-line structure. For this study, the transmission-line is a circular coaxial dielectric waveguide operated at 2.4 GHz. A microwave module consisting of a microwave source and a phase detector has also been developed for detecting the phase of the microwave propagating through the transmission-line. Good agreement of phase measurements between the microwave module and a microwave network analyser has been demonstrated. The electron density measured by the interferometer is also consistent with the results from a Langmuir probe.