Freezing of sessile droplet and frost halo formation

Freezing droplets are ubiquitous in many practical applications, like in aircraft and wind turbine icing, spray technologies, food and pharmaceutical engineering, and natural phenomena such as raindrop formation. In the context of sessile droplets, the freezing process unveils fascinating physics, featuring a frost halo on the substrate, the evolution of the liquid-ice interface, and the formation of a cusp-like morphology at the tip of the droplet. Our study explores the novel theoretical aspects of frost halo formation, revealing its intricate link to the inherent evaporation process during the initial freezing phases.