Synergistic promotion of oxygen reduction electrocatalysis by chlorine incorporation in biomass-derived S/N co-doped carbon

Biomass-derived Cl–S/N co-doped carbon enables charge redistribution, stronger O 2 adsorption, and efficient ORR electrocatalytic activity. The catalyst achieves E 1/2 = 0.89 V and powers high-performance aqueous Zn–air batteries.