Progressive Muscle Relaxation

ABSTRACT Progressive muscle relaxation [PMR] was first identified by Jacobson in 1934 as tensing and releasing of 16 muscle groups. Wolpe adapted it for use with systematic desensitization in 1948 and Bernstein and Borkovec in 1973 studied adjustments to the technique to fit cognitive behavioral stress management. Some of these adjustments are: 7 and 4 muscle groups, relaxation through recall, recall and counting, and counting. Empirical evidence supports the use of PMR in high level tension responses and mind body techniques such as: reducing tension headaches, insomnia, adjunct treatment in cancer, chronic pain management in inflammatory arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome. This article analyzes the development of PMR, reviews current research, and discusses the implications to social work practice.