Flood Increase and Drought Mitigation Under a Warming Climate in the Southern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract Understanding the runoff response to climate change in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is critical to water resources management since TP is the “Water Tower of Asia” and is sensitive to climate change. However, previous studies have paid more attention to the changes in annual and monthly runoff. Therefore, the changes in the characteristics of floods and droughts are still unknown, particularly in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin (YRB) in the southern TP. Therefore, this study simulates the runoff in four subbasins in the YRB using the GR4J_SNOW model to depict the characteristics (including frequency, severity, peak, and duration) of floods on a daily scale and those of droughts on a monthly scale. It is done in historical (1979–2014) and future (2049–2084) periods under different climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and then the changes in floods and droughts between the two periods are comprehensively compared. The results indicate that the YRB has experienced marginal streamflow change during the historical period. Under future varying climate change scenarios, however, the YRB might become wetter with increasing frequency, volume, and peak of floods, along with decreasing frequency, severity, and duration of droughts. In the upstream YRB, covered by more snow with a drier climate, the flood and drought characteristics appear to be more sensitive to climate change than in the downstream YRB. This study is helpful for a better understanding of the hydrological process in the TP under climate change and for forming sustainable water resource strategies for the surrounding regions of the TP.