谷胱甘肽
生物
基因
谷胱甘肽S-转移酶
表型
三肽
疾病
药物开发
胞浆
功能(生物学)
细胞生物学
遗传学
生物化学
氨基酸
酶
药品
药理学
医学
病理
作者
Aslam M. A. Mazari,Leilei Zhang,Zhiwei Ye,Jie Zhang,Kenneth D. Tew,Danyelle M. Townsend
出处
期刊:Biomolecules
[MDPI AG]
日期:2023-04-18
卷期号:13 (4): 688-688
被引量:26
摘要
In humans, the cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of proteins is encoded by 16 genes presented in seven different classes. GSTs exhibit remarkable structural similarity with some overlapping functionalities. As a primary function, GSTs play a putative role in Phase II metabolism by protecting living cells against a wide variety of toxic molecules by conjugating them with the tripeptide glutathione. This conjugation reaction is extended to forming redox sensitive post-translational modifications on proteins: S-glutathionylation. Apart from these catalytic functions, specific GSTs are involved in the regulation of stress-induced signaling pathways that govern cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recently, studies on the effects of GST genetic polymorphisms on COVID-19 disease development revealed that the individuals with higher numbers of risk-associated genotypes showed higher risk of COVID-19 prevalence and severity. Furthermore, overexpression of GSTs in many tumors is frequently associated with drug resistance phenotypes. These functional properties make these proteins promising targets for therapeutics, and a number of GST inhibitors have progressed in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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