Flexible bioimpedance-based dynamic monitoring of stress levels in live oysters

Environmental changes are expected to induce a stress response in oysters, affecting their vitality and meat quality. However, the real-time monitoring of oyster stress levels remains challenging. In this study, we developed a flexible bioimpedance sensor system for real-time monitoring of the bioimpedance and phase angle of oysters under different stress regimens. To accommodate the bivalve structure of the oyster specimens, three bioimpedance measurement positions were utilized, namely, right-right shell, left-left shell, and left-right shell. A predictive model based on principal component analysis combined with the use of a support vector machine (PCA-SVM) was first set up to evaluate stress levels, and the performance of a flexible sensor system was evaluated. The results showed that the flexible sensor system possessed a high level of accuracy and stability. The average precision, recall and F1-score for the best predicted position (right-right-shell) were 95.15%, 93.94% and 93.94%, respectively. The results of this study may be extended to other live animal stress monitoring applications, providing a means of monitoring the health status of live animals.