The role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in stages, outcomes and pregnancy complications

Neutrophils are the main components of innate immunity to eliminate infectious pathogens. NET formation is a new mechanism of these cells for their defense function. These strands containing DNA and antimicrobial peptides were initially recognized as one of the defense mechanisms of neutrophils, but later it was explained that they are involved in a variety of non-infectious diseases. Since the source of inflammation and tissue damage is the irregular activity of neutrophils, it is not surprising that NETosis are associated with a number of inflammatory conditions and diseases. The overexpression of NET components or non-principled NET clearance is associated with the risk of production and activation of autoantibodies, which results in participation in autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders (SLE, RA), fibrosis, sepsis and other disorders such as vascular diseases, for example, thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Recently published articles have also indicated the role of neutrophils and extracellular traps (NET) in placental abnormalities such as recurrent pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. The purpose of this study is to understand and investigate the role of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in the reproductive system and pregnancy problems, especially recurrent fetal loss (RFL), preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).