Platelet rich plasma alleviates endometritis induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice via inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway

Abstract Background Endometritis is an inflammatory reaction of the lining of uterus, leading to the occurrence of infertility. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been proven to exhibit extremely effective for the treatment of endometrium‐associated infertility, but the mechanism of its prevention for endometritis remains unclear. Objective The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of PRP against endometritis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and elucidate the mechanism underlying these effects. Methods Mouse model of endometritis was established by intrauterine perfusion of LPS. PRP intrauterine infusion was administered at 24 h after LPS induction. After another 24 h, the uterine tissues were harvested to observe histopathological changes, production of proinflammatory cytokines, variation of the Toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB (TLR4/NF‐κB) signaling pathways, and validated the anti‐inflammatory effect of PRP. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and concentration of nitric oxide (NO) were determined using assay kit. Proinflammatory chemokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)) were measured by ELISA and Real‐Time PCR. The activity of TLR4/NF‐κB pathway in uterine tissues was measured by Western blotting. Results Hematoxylin‐eosin staining (H&E) appeared that PRP remarkably relieved the impairment of uterine tissues. Detection of MPO activity and concentration of NO revealed that PRP treatment distinctly mitigated infiltration of inflammatory cells in mice with endometritis induced by LPS. PRP treatment significantly affected the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. PRP was also found to suppress LPS‐induced activation of TLR4/NF‐κB pathway. Conclusion PRP effectively alleviates LPS‐induced endometritis via restraining the signal pathway of TLR4/NF‐κB. These findings provide a solid foundation for PRP as a potential therapeutic agent for endometritis.