非平衡态热力学
工作(物理)
统计物理学
复杂系统
物理
热力学
热力学第二定律
扩展不可逆热力学
分子马达
材料科学
计算机科学
纳米技术
人工智能
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevx.7.011008
摘要
Thermodynamics describes how macroscopic systems exchange energy in the form of heat and work, yet many microscopic systems such as molecular motors exhibit behavior that seems to follow the same principles. A new theoretical framework for describing the thermodynamics of microscopic systems that interact strongly with their surroundings is presented.
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