物理
极化子
光子
凝聚态物理
腔量子电动力学
电子
偶极子
原子物理学
量子
量子力学
开放量子系统
作者
Qi Zhang,Minhan Lou,Xinwei Li,John L. Reno,Wei Pan,John Watson,Michael J. Manfra,Junichiro Kono
出处
期刊:Nature Physics
[Springer Nature]
日期:2016-11-01
卷期号:12 (11): 1005-1011
被引量:130
摘要
Nonperturbative coupling of light with condensed matter in an optical cavity is expected to reveal a host of coherent many-body phenomena and states. In addition, strong coherent light-matter interaction in a solid-state environment is of great interest to emerging quantum-based technologies. However, creating a system that combines a long electronic coherence time, a large dipole moment, and a high cavity quality ($Q$) factor has been a challenging goal. Here, we report collective ultrastrong light-matter coupling in an ultrahigh-mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a high-$Q$ terahertz photonic-crystal cavity in a quantizing magnetic field, demonstrating a cooperativity of $\sim$360. The splitting of cyclotron resonance (CR) into the lower and upper polariton branches exhibited a $\sqrt{n_\mathrm{e}}$-dependence on the electron density ($n_\mathrm{e}$), a hallmark of collective vacuum Rabi splitting. Furthermore, a small but definite blue shift was observed for the polariton frequencies due to the normally negligible $A^2$ term in the light-matter interaction Hamiltonian. Finally, the high-$Q$ cavity suppressed the superradiant decay of coherent CR, which resulted in an unprecedentedly narrow intrinsic CR linewidth of 5.6 GHz at 2 K. These results open up a variety of new possibilities to combine the traditional disciplines of many-body condensed matter physics and cavity-based quantum optics.
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